Copier Security

Rick Granick

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From the National Retail Federation's blog:

Copier security: The newest LP threat you’ve never heard of
By JOE LAROCCA, SENIOR ASSET PROTECTION ADVISOR | Published: MAY 10, 2010
This entry was posted in Loss Prevention, Technology
We have become accustomed to hearing about sophisticated hackers attempting to steal credit card, customer and employee information from POS and IT systems. Just a few weeks ago, CBS News ran a piece on copier security. If you haven’t heard about this issue already, prepare to fall out of your seat.

The CBS investigation found that nearly every digital copier built since 2002 contains a hard drive, much like the one on your personal computer. These drives store images of every document copied, scanned, or emailed from the machine.

Most businesses lease copiers and return or resell them after a few years – the practice at every company I’ve ever worked for. CBS went to a warehouse/liquidator and with forensic software downloaded from the internet, similar to EnCase, they were able to obtain documents from each machine. Documents included records from the Buffalo Police Department and Affinity Insurance Company.

It got me thinking about how many times I’ve copied documents for meetings or watched the local pharmacy, cellular store and even the hospital copy my ID and other personal records.

But back to the CBS investigation. One of the copiers contained payroll records, including social security numbers. According to a follow-up story, because of medical privacy laws, Affinity was required to then file a breach notification to state and federal regulators and notify all of its clients and anyone who might have ever had information on Affinity copy machines, including current and former employees.

I held off on sending this out, thinking it might just be old news. But late last week, in a meeting full of law enforcement and bank investigators, only a handful had even heard of this story. Needless to say it became a topic of discussion. While there was some joy in having a new avenue for evidence collection, most people were concerned. Very concerned.

Apparently there is an option available on most copiers to encrypt or erase the data. I’m sure most IT folks can figure out how to wipe the drive (or find a good sledgehammer).

I encourage you to make sure your IT, operations and administrative people know about this issue and handle accordingly.


Since most people use control cards or credit cards on copiers at places like Kinko's, we are personally connected to what we copy. In addition to the identity protection issues mentioned, the political paranoid in me wonders whether this might one day be used for selective enforcement of copyright law against dissidents.

:kaffeetrinker_2: Rick
 
I saw the CBS special on this about two weeks ago.

Not only digital copiers retain this information. Most digital printers do too.

They traced copiers and printers from the federal government to overseas shipments to places like China that had top secret information lodged in their hard drives.

Scares me...

:kaffeetrinker_2:
 
I wouldn't be too worried about it :) This CBS story was mostly a bunch of sensationalistic/ratings hype, IMO. This sounds more like a Fox thing :) They're making it sound like the things permanently store a copy of everything ever copied, which is simply false.

Most large whole office copiers that have networking capability, do include a computer inside which has a hard drive. They temporarily hold scanned documents, to be picked up by the workstation/pc that requested it, they temporarily spool print queues from workstations which are using it as a printer, etc. (just like a pc server would)

Most copiers also (temporarily) store a digital copy of what you are copying in RAM, because it is quicker than a hard drive. This is good when you are printing one thing many times, printing double sided copies, etc.

There's no way such a machine will keep a copy of everything that was ever copied. That would simply require too much disk space :) It uses this as a buffer and then erases the file promptly.

I believe what the story is talking about is if special tools are used, which try to recover images that were (very recently) erased. "undeleting" them. Some copiers encrypt and scrub the drives, others do not and just write the new files over the old ones. It is possible, just like with a computer, to recover fragments of recently deleted items. Computers and file servers have the exact same issue as this report.

Even though it's mostly hype, I bet the copier companies provide some better software which periodically makes sure the deleted items are complete wiped and stay deleted. So something good came of it :)

Mike
 
Glad to hear that, Mike. Certainly makes sense. I once heard that all recent copiers embed a digital code or watermark in the image for identification purposes. Do you know if this is true? Sounds weird to me.
:cool: Rick
 
Glad to hear that, Mike. Certainly makes sense. I once heard that all recent copiers embed a digital code or watermark in the image for identification purposes. Do you know if this is true? Sounds weird to me.
:cool: Rick

I believe that one IS true, for some color copiers and laser printers from HP, Canon, Xerox and Epson. It is invisible to the eye in a 15x8 pattern of yellow dots.

The term is "Steganography", and I believe they print date and time as well as the printer's serial #.
 
Steganography...
1701114.jpg



;) Rick
 
Mike, I'm not really convinced that it's mostly hype as you suggest. Sure, they may not store everything copied forever; but the fact is that tens of thousands of documents were able to be recovered from randomly selected copiers. This means that real copiers, as used by real customers, do store a disturbing amount of recoverable information.

The trouble with storing files on a hard drive and then erasing them is that typically only the index data for the file is deleted. So, until that section of the disk is overwritten with new data, the old data is still readable. The file system probably has a lot to do with how bad the problem is. If it allocates new files in the same area of the disk all the time, then it would tend to store less stuff. However, if it does any kind of wear leveling or round robin allocation scheme, then the entire disk could be filled with old data. I'm not too familiar with the specifics of how file systems are implemented, so I couldn't say.
 
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